Archive for December, 2004

“Video Mining” from Store Surveillance Cameras

Thursday, December 23rd, 2004

The Wall Street Journal covers “video mining,” i.e., deriving actionable intelligence for customer relations management and market research from surveillance camera automated imagery analysis:

Using proprietary software to gauge the size of the images of
people, a ShopperTrak computer determined that Ms. Munro was
an adult, not a child, and thus a bona fide shopper. Weeding
out youngsters is critical in accurately calculating one of
the valuable bits of data ShopperTrak sells — the percentage
of shoppers that buys and the percentage that only browses. It
arrives at this data, including the so-called conversion rate,
by comparing the number of people taped entering the store
with the number of transactions.

Ms. Munro’s visit was tallied up twice: once as a visitor to
the Gap and once in a national count of shoppers. Gap Inc., of
San Francisco, pays ShopperTrak for the tally of Gap shoppers.
ShopperTrak sells the broader data — gleaned from 130 retail
clients and 380 malls — to economists, bankers and retailers.

(Previously noted here as well.)

Skannerz: supply-chain management meets kids’ games??

Wednesday, December 22nd, 2004

Ran across this little gem… Skannerz!

I’m just kicking myself for not inventing it first… ;-)

Skannerz toy


“It may seem odd that a game could combine elements of Pokemon, Magic: The Gathering, and grocery store shopping, but Skannerz does just this. Here’s how it works: All UPC symbols scanned into this device are converted into virtual monsters, some of which join your team voluntarily, some of which you must electronically defeat in order to conscript them. From there, you can play special games that train your monsters to become more powerful and compete against other players. We had some difficulty at first figuring out how to scan the items, and wouldn’t recommend this for younger children for whom the technology might be frustrating.”

Of course, the next generation of this will be in using these and other technologies (and I think it’ll be RFID and/or GPS, e.g., to render an environment based on either proximity to an RFID tag, or within a specific distance of a geocoordinate) to overlay fantasy play on the physical world.

And yet another: “Privacy and Surveillance In Wireless Networks”

Tuesday, December 21st, 2004

Another NSF award on surveillance and privacy research, this time on “Privacy and Surveillance In Wireless Networks”:

This project conducts a dialectic study of location privacy in wireless networks — a “good cop” vs “bad cop” exploration of the technical limits and abilities for surveillance in common wireless data networking. The work combines the current state of knowledge in privacy with probabilistic regression. Current location monitoring in wireless networks is integrally related to determining location from radio frequency information; current techniques to enhance privacy depend on the ability to fool observers by varying that RF information without affecting the ability to use the underlying network. This RF information is imprecise and subject to considerable environmental noise. Alternatively, privacy-enhancing mechanisms vary aspects of the media access layer, such as unique keys used to identify stations, in an effort to cloak an individual station and enhance privacy. To date, there has been little investigation in to the issue of unintended disclosure of private information in wireless networks…

Yet another NSF award re surveillance technologies

Monday, December 20th, 2004

This award was made back in September… a soup-to-nuts equipment acquisition re portal-based security detection (e.g., for explosives, metal, etc.), for an Institute for Research In Security (IRIS) at the University of Texas Arlington; It includes a mention of RFID, but focus is mostly elsewhere:

This project, constructing an advanced security detection system portal that integrates many individual functions of current systems, focuses on the physical security aspects integrating a variety of detection mechanisms, such as chemical and biological sensors. The work supports research in fundamental areas related to security detection, monitoring, prototyping, prevention, and recovery. Investigating fundamental research issues in security detection, the project involves prototyping a walk-through security portal that uses a variety of sensors (visible, infrared and millimeter wave images, metal and air detection data) along with X-ray baggage scanning information and other information about the individual to determine the threat level. The analysis of the fusion of all such data from heterogeneous devices is expected to yield more accurate assessment than any one of more sensors analyzed individually. The equipment supports research and development of advanced detection systems for secured entry through the use of multiple, network-integrated sensors. The approach encompasses several interdisciplinary research areas including Smart sensors, Wireless sensor and data networks, Sensor fusion, Pervasive computing, Image processing, and Databases and data mining. Research in smart sensors improves the ability to distribute sensors in a secured-entry portal and develop techniques for sensing at a distance (e.g., gases and materials). Image sensors (visible, infrared and millimeter wave) support research in image processing and concealed weapon detection. Biometric sensors and RFID tag technologies also provide a rich source of information for controlling access to high security areas. Micromechanical systems (MEMS) research develops wireless microsensors for detection of toxins. Sensor networking and fusion coupled with database research develop new methods for collecting, exchanging, processing, and understanding large amounts of real-time sensory information. Higher-level data integration and data mining research contribute new techniques for learning and assessing threat levels, and more efficient personnel and baggage screening. This instrumentation complements current research on Pervasively Secure Infrastructures (PSI) by integrating secure-entry capabilities into a more general approach to securing an environment, such as mass transit and shopping malls. Broader Impact: The instrumentation provides resources for the Institute for Research In Security (IRIS). This institute facilitates multidisciplinary, collaborative research to improve the ability to maintain secure and usable environments. IRIS collaborates with several public safety and law enforcement agencies in developing and deploying leading-edge technologies in existing and future environments. The work will be disseminated through open houses, public demonstrations, publications, multi-disciplinary course and the web-site. Public demonstrations will target K-12 students. The funds requested include the equipment listed below and associated expenses. MEMS Wireless Sensor Networking Testbed, Millivision Vela125 Scanning Booth, PowerView Stereoscopic PIV systems, Smith Detection X-Ray Baggage scanner, etc.

EPC Gen-2 Standard Ratified

Friday, December 17th, 2004

EPCglobal has ratified its UHF Generation 2 standard, i.e., the protocols for the “air interface” for negotiating between readers and tags.

According to Internetnews.com, the standard addresses some aspects of security and privacy:

In addition to improvements in security of the data on the tag, the standard includes the ability to lock the identification fields in the tag, so that they can’t be spoofed or changed without a password. It also includes a strong kill mechanism, so retailers and others have the option of automatically erasing all data from the tag as it passes through a reader.

[EPCglobal director of product management Sue] Hutchinson said that the standard does not allow for encryption, because one of the user requirements for the standard was that the tags be inexpensive. But security issues will continue to be addressed in the hardware and policy working groups.

“Privacy will be a combination of the usage of the technology with policy and business practices as well,” she said. “The policy steering committee is working to understand how to address consumer concerns.”

Protesting RFID through Torte Reform?

Thursday, December 16th, 2004

Germans decorating cakes to protest RFID… what else?

anti-RFID cake tableau

ORBCOMM and VeriChip to Collaborate

Wednesday, December 15th, 2004

ORBCOMM and VeriChip announce plans to collaborate:

ORBCOMM, a global satellite telecommunications company, today announced that it has executed an agreement with VeriChip(TM) Corporation, a subsidiary of Applied Digital (NASDAQ:ADSX), to be its provider of satellite and telecommunication services for applications to be developed for use with the world’s first implantable radio frequency identification (RFID) microchip, also called VeriChip(TM).

Under the terms of the agreement, the companies will also work together to develop and market new military, security, and healthcare applications for use in the United States and around the world.

ORBCOMM would presumably provide the infrastructure to haul VeriChip-derived signals around the world… systems and applications detecting subdermal VeriChips using ORBCOMM low-earth-orbital satellite networks to route collected data back into other systems, and presumably not boosting VeriChips to the point that they’re detectable from space! (“You won’t feel the implant, but its signalling will give you thermal tattoos…” :-)

CIOs: “RFID Overhyped”

Tuesday, December 14th, 2004

Silicom.com’s CIO Jury survey says, “RFID is overhyped.”

At the opposite end of the spectrum are several high-profile technology areas that CIOs believe are still over-hyped.

Almost unanimously RFID tracking tags were picked out as one of these over-hyped areas, and just one of the CIO Jury will be looking at this technology in 2005. Many said RFID will continue to be over-hyped in 2005.

Phil Young, head of IT operations at Amtrak, said: “Without standards it’s a turkey at the moment – forgive the pun at this time of year.”

“The Augmented Bar Code”

Monday, December 13th, 2004

The New York Times discusses the augmented bar code, i.e., using bar codes as unique identifiers and indexes to 3rd-party descriptive content, e.g., linking a particular product to its manufacturer’s environmental policies.

Evocative of Marc Smith’s AURA project at Microsoft Research, and my white paper for CommerceNet.

Who might serve as authorities, though, is a big question… in the NYT article, UC Berkeley’s Dara O’Rourke suggests that this might be a role for “vast product-tracking database available to scanner-wielding consumers,” constructed by the government.

Teen Telemetering by Cell Phone

Thursday, December 9th, 2004

AP reports on GPS used to track teens’ driving; the article was pegged to Gen. Tommy Franks (ret.) joining the company as the spokesperson for Teen Arrive Alive.

In a nutshell, phones equipped with GPS monitor their own speed, and call to alert the bearers’ parents if they exceed a pre-set limit. Presumably it wouldn’t be much of a stretch to program in “forbidden zones,” e.g., to keep one’s kid within a certain radius of the malt shop, etc.; just a tad more intelligence (and regular coordinate reporting) to implement “teen restraining orders” to keep young paramours apart, etc.